Impressionism L’impressionnisme 印象派 Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles. Impressionism originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.
La peinture (1874-1886) Radicals in their time, early Impressionists violated the rules of academic painting. They constructed their pictures from freely brushed colours that took precedence over lines and contours, following the example of painters such as Eugène Delacroix and J. M. W. Turner. They also painted realistic scenes of modern life, and often painted outdoors. Previously, still lifes and portraits as well as landscapes were usually painted in a studio. The Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by painting en plein air. They portrayed overall visual effects instead of details, and used short "broken" brush strokes of mixed and pure unmixed colour—not blended smoothly or shaded, as was customary—to achieve an effect of intense colour vibration. In the early 1860s, four young painters—Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille—met while studying under the academic artist Charles Gleyre. They discovered that they shared an interest in painting landscape and contemporary life rather than historical or mythological scenes.
Famous members: Mary Stevenson Cassatt (1844–1926)瑪麗·史蒂文生·卡薩特 Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) 保羅·塞尚 Edgar Degas (1834–1917) 愛德加·竇加 Édouard Manet (1832-1883)愛德華·馬內 Claude Monet (1840–1926)克勞德·莫內 Berthe Morisot (1841–1895)貝爾特·莫里索 Camille Pissarro (1830–1903)卡米耶·畢沙羅 Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919) 皮耶-奧古斯特·雷諾瓦 Georges Seurat (1859-1891) 秀拉 Alfred Sisley (1839–1899) 阿爾弗雷德·西斯萊
Orsay Museum Le Musée d’Orsay奧賽博物館 The Musée d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the left bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1914, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and photography. It houses the largest collection of impressionist and post-Impressionist masterpieces in the world. The museum building was originally a railway station, Gare d'Orsay, constructed for the Chemin de Fer de Paris à Orléans and finished in time for the 1900 Exposition Universelle. It was the terminus for the railways of southwestern France until 1939. The museum officially opened in December 1986 by then-president François Mitterrand.
Vincent Willem van Gogh (1853-1890) 文森•威廉•梵谷 Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on 30 March 1853 in Groot-Zundert, in the southern Netherlands and died on 29 July 1890 in Auvers-sur-Oise (France). His work is influenced by naturalism (裸體主義), is inspired by impressionism and pointillism (點描主義), and announces fauvism (野獸主義) and expressionism (表現主義). When Gauguin agreed to visit Arles in 1888, Van Gogh hoped for friendship, and the realisation of his idea of an artists' collective. But, they often quarrelled; Van Gogh increasingly feared that Gauguin was going to desert him. After an altercation with Gauguin, Van Gogh returned to his room, where he was assaulted by voices and severed his left ear with a razor. In March 1889, he painted煙斗與繃帶之耳的自畫像 (Self-portrait with Pipe and Bandaged Ear). Gauguin fled Arles, never to see Van Gogh again, but they continued to correspond.
Post-Impressionism Postimpressionnisme 後印象派 a predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and colour. Due to its broad emphasis on abstract qualities or symbolic content, Post-Impressionism encompasses Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism, Cloisonnism, Pont-Aven School, and Synthetism, along with some later Impressionists' work. The movement was led by Paul Cézanne (known as father of Post-impressionism), Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat. The term Post-Impressionism was first used by art critic Roger Fry in 1906.
“Loving Vincent” La Passion Van Gogh Loving Vincent is a 2017 biographical animated film. It is the first fully painted animated film. It tells the story of painter Vincent van Gogh. The development was funded by the Polish Film Institute. Each of the film's 65,000 frames is an oil painting on canvas, using the same technique as Van Gogh, created by a team of 115 painters. The film premiered at the 2017 Annecy International Animated Film Festival. The movie was awarded best animation film at the Shanghai International Film Festival. Throughout production, the movie was updated with the latest scholarship on van Gogh. A new discovery in the book Van Gogh’s Ear (2016) “pretty much conclusively” proved that he cut off all of his ear, rather than part of it, Welchman said, and they ended up repainting around 3,000 frames of the film, in line with the latest scholarship.
Musée Monet-Giverny吉維尼 (這個小鎮因擁有克勞德·莫奈的故居及唯美的莫奈花園而享譽全球) The Fondation Claude Monet is a nonprofit organisation that runs and preserves the house and gardens of Claude Monet in Giverny, France. With a total of 530,000 visitors in 2010, it is the second most visited tourist site in Normandy after the Mont-Saint-Michel. The House and Garden have been recognised as a "Maison des Illustres" and "Jardin remarquable" rewarding their outstanding qualities. The estate was classified as a Monument historique in 1976. Claude Monet lived and painted in Giverny from 1883 to his death in 1926, and directed the renovation of the house, retaining its pink-painted walls. Colours from the painter's own palette were used for the interior -green for the doors and shutters, yellow in the dining room, complete with Japanese Prints from the 18th and 19th centuries, and blue for the kitchen. Monet had the nearby river Epte partially diverted for the gardens and hired up to seven gardeners to tend to it. When Monet died in 1926, the entire estate was passed on to his son Michel. The majority of Monet's paintings are kept in the Musée Marmottan Monet. However, Monet's house is home to a collection of more than 200 Japanese ukiyo-e prints from the 18th and 19th centuries. Among the most notable pieces are works by Kitagawa Utamaro (1753–1806), Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858).
La peinture繪畫 Le portrait肖像 Un autoportrait自畫像 Une nature morte靜物畫 La fresque濕壁畫 La galerie d'art美術館 La calligraphie書法 Le pinceau毛筆 L'encre 墨水 La peinture sur soie帛畫 L’aquarelle / la peinture à l'eau水彩畫 油畫 La peinture à l'huile Le pigment 色素 Les beaux-arts 美術 (la peinture, la sculpture, l'architecture, la musique, la poésie, le théâtre et la danse) Les arts plastiques 造型藝術 Les arts de la Renaissance 文藝復興繪畫 Pont-Aven School École de Pont-Aven阿旺橋學派 L’École de Barbizon 巴比松派 Le Musée d’Orsay奧賽博物館 Le Musée du Louvre羅浮宮 La peinture chinoise 中國畫 Le travail au crayon/pinceau工笔画 Le paysage 景觀 Le rouleau de peinture畫卷